RTS XCP-ADAM-MC Manuel d'utilisateur télécharger pdf (Page 34)

Network Terminology

Bridges

A bridge is a device that connects two LANs, or two segments of the same LAN that use the same protocol.

Sometimes called “transparent bridges, they work at the OSI model Layer 2. Simply put, they are not concerned

with protocols. Their main job is to pass data to a destination address that is predetermined in the data packet.

With a bridge, all your computers are on the same network subnet (

see

Subnet). This means your computers

can communicate with each other and have their own Internet connection. If you assign your own IP Addresses

be sure to use the same first 3 “octets” of the IP Address (for example, 192.168.0.X).

Domain Name Server (DNS)

A DNS Server is an Internet service that translates domain names (for example, in the URL

http://

www.telex.com,

the domain name is telex.com) into IP Addresses. The Internet is based on IP Addresses which

are numeric and since domain names are alphabetic, they are easier to remember. Everytime a domain name is

used it must go through the DNS server to be translated into an IP Address.

Gateway

A gateway is a node on a network that serves as an entrance to another network. The gateway routes traffic

from a computer to an outside network that is serving the web pages. For example, the gateway for a home

computer is the ISP provider that connects the user to the Internet.

In a corporate environment, the gateway often acts as a proxy server and a firewall. Gateways are similar to

routers and switches in that they forward data to the destination and provide the path for which the data will

travel to the destination.

Hub

A hub is a common connection point for devices in a network. A hub has multiple ports. When a data packet

arrives at a hub, it is copied and distributed to all of its ports so that all nodes on the LAN can see the packets.

There are three types of hubs:

passive hub

- this hub serves as a conduit for the data, enabling it to go from one device to another.

intelligent hub

(also known as manageable hubs) - this hub includes additional features that enable admin-

istrators to monitor traffic through the hub.

switching hub

- this hub reads the destination address of each packet and then forwards the data packet to

the appropriate port.

IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)

An IP Address is an identifier or numerical name for a computer or device on a network. Data between comput-

ers are routed over the network using these addresses to identify the computer the message is being sent to and

the computer the message is being sent from.

The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. For

example, an IP Address looks like 10.100.1.1.

IMPORTANT: When working within an isolated network (meaning there is no Internet access), IP addresses can

be assigned at random just as long as they are unique to each computer and device. When the isolated network

is connect to the Internet, registered Internet address must be obtained. This is to prevent duplication of

addresses.

The four number in an IP add re used in different ways to identify a particular network and host on that network.

There are three classes of Internet addresses.

Class A - supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.

Class B - supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.

Class C - supports 254 hosts on each of 2 m million networks.

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RTS XCP-ADAM-MC Manuel d'utilisateur Page 34

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